The former player: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an early conclusion.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "widespread" in the sport, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really hoped to carry on playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations underway.
"This situation was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this entire process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but stated it could not collect enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his first game in 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a period of time you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both before and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are ongoing work with teams and partners in the professional game to strive for a environment of inclusivity but acknowledge this takes time and is an continuous effort."
Every Prem and PWR club now has in-person education on creating inclusive cultures, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England players, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to reach young people in under-served communities and support them thrive both on the pitch with free sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the game and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for myself," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it perhaps the more comfortable others will feel about discussing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the horns and keep bearing this flag and keep carrying this responsibility and do what I can to create possibilities and make the game more appealing and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely believe that rugby has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in late 2022